Crop Biotechnology Methods
Bruce R Thomas
Index of Slides
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Crop Biotechnology Methods
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Objectives
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Agricultural Technology
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All of Agriculture is Technology
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All crops have been genetically modified during domestication
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Wheat - a new species produced via breeding technology
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Seedless fruits: genetic modification produced via breeding technology
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Gene pool reduction during crop domestication
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Plant Breeding Technology
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Gene pools of tomato and wild related species
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Tomato Gene Pool increased via hybridization methods
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Plant Breeding Technology: 1) uses the genetic variability in the gene pool 2) for selection of superior crop plants 3) that have many significant genetic modifications
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Bio Technology Methods
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Crop Development via Breeding and Biotechnology
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Timeline for production of a new crop variety via breeding and/or biotechnology approaches
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Tissue Culture Methods
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Tissue grafting in tree and vine crops
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Tissue Culture Methods
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Tissue Culture Methods
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Micropropagation via tissue culture
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Triticale - breeders produce a new species of crop plant
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Tomato Gene Pool - expanded via tissue culture methods
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Embryo culture used to transfer Mi gene into tomato
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Recombinant DNA Methods
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DNA structure
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DNA is packaged in the cell nucleus as chromosomes
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DNA sequences encode protein sequences
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Recombinant DNA and gene cloning in E. coli
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Gene cloning methods: enable the study of DNA structure & function
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Genomics Methods
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Genomics and Proteomics
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DNA Sequencing of Entire Plant Genomes
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DNA Microarrays - the "Gene Chip" Analysis of Gene Expression Throughout the Genome
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Genomics Methods Are Accelerating Crop Improvement
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Use of genomics data for "Marker-Assisted Breeding"
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Nematode-resistance gene Mi linked to the Aps marker
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Mi gene transfer into tomato is a difficult problem
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DNA sequence information - tomato genome (bookstack)
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Production of F1 hybrid (bookstack)
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Backcrosses to L. esculentum (bookstack)
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NO TITLE
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Transgenic Plant Methods
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Transgenic Plants - Overview
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Transgenic Plants - Strategy
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The size of the gene pool limits the traits that can be developed in crop plants via traditional breeding and tissue culture methods
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Transgenic Plant Goals - expand the gene pool
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Transgenic Plant Goals - transfer trait into elite cultivar (bookstack)
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Transgenic Plant Methods
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1 Gene Transfer into Plant Cells
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2 Selection of Transgenic Cells and 3 Regeneration of Transgenic Plants
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4 Expression of Gene Clone in Transgenic Plants
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Summary
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Plant evolution, breeding & biotech
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